DYSBIOSIS X INFLAMMATION

In the nutritional context, both diet and individual individual eating habits play a crucial role in determining the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. The energy supply and the composition of the macronutrients provided have a direct influence on the metabolism of bacteria. In addition, non-nutritional nutritional factors, such as infection inflammation, hygiene patterns and genetic predisposition predisposition, also have a significant impact on modulation of the intestinal microbiota.

As a result, intestinal dysbiosis emerges as a condition closely related to changes in human metabolism and is associated with the development of various pathologies. Distinctive features of dysbiosis, such as increased intestinal permeability and increased molecular translocation, contribute to theestablishment of a state of subclinical known as endotoxemia, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TN cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha.

In addition, this inflammatory context can have a significant significant impact on the process. It reduces satiety signaling, increases the production of hormones that stimulate hunger, increases the risk of development of insulin resistance and diabetes, as well as promoting fat accumulation in other organs, such as the liver. accumulation in other organs, such as the liver.

It is also worth noting that the gut-brain axis axis is also affected by dysbiosis, which can cause neuroinflammation. At the same time At the same time, the metabolism of tryptophan metabolism is also impacted by dysbiosis. greater targeting of tryptophan to the kynurenine pathway (related to neurotoxicity) and lower production of serotonin, which could be related to mental disorders.

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Dietary strategies

Various dietary strategies can be used strategies can be used to improve intestinal dysbiosis intestinal dysbiosis and, consequently, provide a better quality of life for individuals these strategies.

• Mediterranean diet (MED)

The Mediterranean diet (MED) is recognized for being rich in polyphenols, fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids. fatty acids. A study conducted by Rinott E et al (2022) evaluated 294 participants with obesity,
divided into three groups: standard standard nutritional counseling, MED and Green-MED.

Both the MED and Green-MED groups received 28g/day of walnuts as supplementation. The Green-MED group also consumed daily tea rich in polyphenols and Wolffia globosa. All groups followed an equivalent calorie restriction restriction. The results showed in anthropometric and biochemical biochemical parameters, such as a reduction in fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and an increase in HDL,
serum iron, folic acid and vitamin D3. There were also changes in the intestinal microbiota, with a
reduction in Bifidobacterium and an increase in the Ruminococcaceae, genera related to weight loss.
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Symbiotics are food components or supplements that combine both prebiotics and probiotics. In a study conducted by Lauw S et al (2023), 55 overweight or obese individuals were evaluated overweight or obese individuals were evaluated before and after an 8-week dietary intervention, which included an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption and/or supplementation with symbiotics containing two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) and a prebiotic (polydextrose). The participants were divided into three groups: symbiotics (SG), dietary intervention (DG) and combined intervention (DSG). The DSG group showed the best results in terms of weight and BMI, as well as improvements in clinical parameters, including parameters, including significant reductions in fasting glucose insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides. A reduction in the abundance of Megamonas in the DSG group, a bacterium bacteria associated with high BMI and body fat. CLICK TO ACCESS THE ARTICLE